Stifled struggle
Selfish muffle
Trapping troubles
Why?
Told the way
Fold the way
Hold the way
Why?
Shiver notes loosen bones
Shiver notes gust the clouds
Shiver notes soar the gulls
I'm alive
Shiver music touch my feet
Shiver music rub my knuckles
Shiver music cradle ears
I am free
Monday, 22 February 2016
Monday, 11 January 2016
The Hateful Eight
Our cinema-eye ponders over a Jesus Christ crucifix, himself static against a desperate snowy wilderness, the camera wandering minimally yet lingering fixedly upon his stone stare as a deep, unearthly, score tingles the napes of our necks. Is this really a Quentin Tarantino film, or a David Lean epic, miraculously unearthed and polished to pristine, 70mm glory?
Here, the pop-funk-hip-hop cinema DJ seems to have abandoned his cosy home of scintillating pastiche concoctions and slowly, gracefully glided up the mountain into the arena of brooding, cinematic mastery. This is his Kubrick film.
Tarantino has always put his characters front and centre, so fascinated with the idiosyncratic minutia of their thoughts, philosophies and (oft-suspect) wisdoms, yet always they play out their stories in the context of a glorious genre mish-mash, a thick bubbling soup of thumping euphoria and old worn-out chestnut tropes remoulded and jazzed for our delectation. Murderous thugs groan about everyday hassles, set against an eclectic bubblegum mix-tape. His gruesome, funny characters are present and correct yet he has abandoned his gleeful mish-mashing in favour of a slow, sober stare, allowing them (and us) time, time, time to brood. This has a powerfully unsettling effect, as we find ourselves repulsed yet obsessed with each one of this murderous group, their broken psyches (and later, bodies) laid out all over the snow for us to examine and recoil at. Rarely in cinema are we given this chance to look into the hearts of such cold souls with such a grandly sedate magnifying glass. Morricone's score is glorious yet festering, eking out dread from every gnarled face. Arguably, The Hateful Eight can be considered a horror film. Indeed, during the final bloody climax, we are treated to a playfully sinister violin motif composed (by Morricone) for John Carpenter's classic snowy horror, The Thing (also starring Kurt Russel).
Walton Goggins must be heralded as perhaps the most convincing, disgusting villain to have graced any western of this era. Watching him drooling, snorting, grimacing and chuckling through dirty, mangled teeth had a peculiarly disarming effect, as though one had been transported to the late sixties, perhaps watching an unseen Dollars film. He is not of this time, a surviving relic, conjured up from celluloid dust lying on Sergio Leone's cutting-room floor.
While Tarantino has here abandoned much of his trash-collage modus operandi, he retains an obvious playfulness with genre. More subdued perhaps, yet here is a grandiose 70mm (!) epic confined almost entirely to two sets - a cramped stagecoach and a large, messy "haberdashery". What the hell is going on? This is Quentin up to his old tricks, and while he may not have come to this bizarre juxtaposition of epic and tiny, weird mystery-movie (for structurally, much of The Hateful Eight embodies an Agatha Christie story) by creating something wilfully strange, I bet he was delighted when he realised just where he was going. After all, he is someone who has a track record of deep affinity with cinematic oddities.
The Hateful Eight contains many peculiarities, yet remains a satisfyingly grim, logically stately cinema-play, complete with sizzling dialogue delivered by a coterie of magnificent actors, all doing something entirely different, all portraying beautifully twisted, tortured individuals, hanging on to their grim reality with a steel grip. As we long to empathise with one of these miserable humans, our brains struggle to shuffle and re-shuffle an endless stack of their qualities, none of them really warranting any pity, yet all gleaning a little, here and there. Fascinating, beautiful, crazy, I loved it.
Here, the pop-funk-hip-hop cinema DJ seems to have abandoned his cosy home of scintillating pastiche concoctions and slowly, gracefully glided up the mountain into the arena of brooding, cinematic mastery. This is his Kubrick film.
Tarantino has always put his characters front and centre, so fascinated with the idiosyncratic minutia of their thoughts, philosophies and (oft-suspect) wisdoms, yet always they play out their stories in the context of a glorious genre mish-mash, a thick bubbling soup of thumping euphoria and old worn-out chestnut tropes remoulded and jazzed for our delectation. Murderous thugs groan about everyday hassles, set against an eclectic bubblegum mix-tape. His gruesome, funny characters are present and correct yet he has abandoned his gleeful mish-mashing in favour of a slow, sober stare, allowing them (and us) time, time, time to brood. This has a powerfully unsettling effect, as we find ourselves repulsed yet obsessed with each one of this murderous group, their broken psyches (and later, bodies) laid out all over the snow for us to examine and recoil at. Rarely in cinema are we given this chance to look into the hearts of such cold souls with such a grandly sedate magnifying glass. Morricone's score is glorious yet festering, eking out dread from every gnarled face. Arguably, The Hateful Eight can be considered a horror film. Indeed, during the final bloody climax, we are treated to a playfully sinister violin motif composed (by Morricone) for John Carpenter's classic snowy horror, The Thing (also starring Kurt Russel).
Walton Goggins must be heralded as perhaps the most convincing, disgusting villain to have graced any western of this era. Watching him drooling, snorting, grimacing and chuckling through dirty, mangled teeth had a peculiarly disarming effect, as though one had been transported to the late sixties, perhaps watching an unseen Dollars film. He is not of this time, a surviving relic, conjured up from celluloid dust lying on Sergio Leone's cutting-room floor.
While Tarantino has here abandoned much of his trash-collage modus operandi, he retains an obvious playfulness with genre. More subdued perhaps, yet here is a grandiose 70mm (!) epic confined almost entirely to two sets - a cramped stagecoach and a large, messy "haberdashery". What the hell is going on? This is Quentin up to his old tricks, and while he may not have come to this bizarre juxtaposition of epic and tiny, weird mystery-movie (for structurally, much of The Hateful Eight embodies an Agatha Christie story) by creating something wilfully strange, I bet he was delighted when he realised just where he was going. After all, he is someone who has a track record of deep affinity with cinematic oddities.
The Hateful Eight contains many peculiarities, yet remains a satisfyingly grim, logically stately cinema-play, complete with sizzling dialogue delivered by a coterie of magnificent actors, all doing something entirely different, all portraying beautifully twisted, tortured individuals, hanging on to their grim reality with a steel grip. As we long to empathise with one of these miserable humans, our brains struggle to shuffle and re-shuffle an endless stack of their qualities, none of them really warranting any pity, yet all gleaning a little, here and there. Fascinating, beautiful, crazy, I loved it.
Friday, 16 January 2015
A selection of film tweets
"The shades come off at midnight." Re-watched #TheyAllLaughed. #Bogdanovich conducts camera and actors in virtuoso, magically comic dance.
youtube.com/watch?v=deTGYinacYg … - Peter Cushing Lives in Whitstable.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1almB9zxX4 … - High Plains Drifter, AIM to see it.
Timothy Carey steals the show in Kubrick's (great) Paths of Glory - crazy, hilarious, disturbing, endearing - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AC_UO8k1CNA.
Last MA work - Humans as Monsters: An Investigation into Political Allegory in American Horror Cinema in the 1970s and 1980s is finished.
Man of Steel - peculiar if fun blend of doom and light-heartedness. Superman fine with killing countless humans despite supposed empathy.
During a long session of sorting, I came across a very poorly written film treatment from 2006. Title? "Dial N for Nun"...
"Take it easy! We're not making a western here." - Uncle Junior.
Made it, Ma! Top of the world! #JamesCagney #WhiteHeat
"Cinema is the ultimate pervert art. It doesn't give you what you desire. It tells you how to desire." #SlavojZizek, philosopher.
"I will perfect a race of atomic supermen which will conquer the world!" Bela Lugosi at his finest. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0cE1fzfOogo.
My new favourite song - by Morricone, from "Night Train Murders" - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSe3oDNfBEM.
"I guess I'm just not used to being chased around a mall in the middle of the night by killer robots." #KarrieEmerson, #ChoppingMall (1986).
#Dinotasia - bizarre "documentary"/anthropomorphised look at the entire history of dinosaurs on Earth. Narrated by #WernerHerzog. Fun/weird.
#Jaws at the cinema last night. Bad fish. Not like going down the pond chasin' Bluegills and Tommycods. This shark, swallow you whole.
Just saw #DannyDeVito bumbling around the streets of Hackney looking lost.
#TheAwfulDrOrlof. A fun and atmospheric entry in #JessFranco's #Frankenstein-esque series. Particularly disturbing is monster Morpho.
Finally saw #LookingForEric - thoroughly satisfying and moving, and not a little bizarre. #EricCantona in a #KenLoach film, brilliant.
#Martin - this is a moving, bleakly atmospheric gem from George A Romero. Very interesting in comparison with #LetTheRightOneIn.
#PulpFiction at the cinema this weekend, excellent.
#JohnCarpenter has proven himself time and time again as the king of audio commentaries. #horror #film
#TheDisappearanceofAliceCreed - taught, tense, well-plotted and entertaining, with an excellent, satisfying ending. #EddieMarsan #Film
"I am an oil man!" #ThereWillBeBlood revisited on Blu-ray. As stunning, compelling and horrifying as I remember. #Film #DanielDayLewis
The Switch - surprisingly, very moving. And Jeff Goldblum is on top form, why isn't he getting better roles?
Going the Distance and Roger Corman's The Raven. What a double bill.
Piranha is a huge amount of fun - good job, Aja. The 3D didn't look nearly as bad as the trailer had suggested either.
youtube.com/watch?v=deTGYinacYg … - Peter Cushing Lives in Whitstable.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1almB9zxX4 … - High Plains Drifter, AIM to see it.
Timothy Carey steals the show in Kubrick's (great) Paths of Glory - crazy, hilarious, disturbing, endearing - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AC_UO8k1CNA.
Last MA work - Humans as Monsters: An Investigation into Political Allegory in American Horror Cinema in the 1970s and 1980s is finished.
Man of Steel - peculiar if fun blend of doom and light-heartedness. Superman fine with killing countless humans despite supposed empathy.
During a long session of sorting, I came across a very poorly written film treatment from 2006. Title? "Dial N for Nun"...
"Take it easy! We're not making a western here." - Uncle Junior.
Made it, Ma! Top of the world! #JamesCagney #WhiteHeat
"Cinema is the ultimate pervert art. It doesn't give you what you desire. It tells you how to desire." #SlavojZizek, philosopher.
"I will perfect a race of atomic supermen which will conquer the world!" Bela Lugosi at his finest. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0cE1fzfOogo.
My new favourite song - by Morricone, from "Night Train Murders" - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSe3oDNfBEM.
"I guess I'm just not used to being chased around a mall in the middle of the night by killer robots." #KarrieEmerson, #ChoppingMall (1986).
#Dinotasia - bizarre "documentary"/anthropomorphised look at the entire history of dinosaurs on Earth. Narrated by #WernerHerzog. Fun/weird.
#Jaws at the cinema last night. Bad fish. Not like going down the pond chasin' Bluegills and Tommycods. This shark, swallow you whole.
Just saw #DannyDeVito bumbling around the streets of Hackney looking lost.
#TheAwfulDrOrlof. A fun and atmospheric entry in #JessFranco's #Frankenstein-esque series. Particularly disturbing is monster Morpho.
Finally saw #LookingForEric - thoroughly satisfying and moving, and not a little bizarre. #EricCantona in a #KenLoach film, brilliant.
#Martin - this is a moving, bleakly atmospheric gem from George A Romero. Very interesting in comparison with #LetTheRightOneIn.
#PulpFiction at the cinema this weekend, excellent.
#JohnCarpenter has proven himself time and time again as the king of audio commentaries. #horror #film
#TheDisappearanceofAliceCreed - taught, tense, well-plotted and entertaining, with an excellent, satisfying ending. #EddieMarsan #Film
"I am an oil man!" #ThereWillBeBlood revisited on Blu-ray. As stunning, compelling and horrifying as I remember. #Film #DanielDayLewis
The Switch - surprisingly, very moving. And Jeff Goldblum is on top form, why isn't he getting better roles?
Going the Distance and Roger Corman's The Raven. What a double bill.
Piranha is a huge amount of fun - good job, Aja. The 3D didn't look nearly as bad as the trailer had suggested either.
Thursday, 12 September 2013
Love & Funghi (aka Now, Forager)
I wanted to like this film, I felt attracted to the premise, setting and genre. A love story set among the beautiful, wild forests one must visit if one is in the mushroom-picking business. Unfortunately, neither Jason Cortlund (who co-directed) as Lucien Echevarria or Tiffany Esteb as Regina Echevarria managed to move me into caring much about their plights with their work, or indeed their relationship. So concerned with projecting a sombre tone, the performances come across as simply morose, without interest or a foundation of reasoning behind their glum faces. The film needed a little infusion of subordinate characters, simply as a mechanism to ground our protagonist's lives in a reality we could understand or care about: we spend the entirety of the film mushroom-picking, cooking, or solemnly grieving an inexplicably broken marriage. The mushrooms look tasty and beautiful, and the photography, though markedly digital, at times suffering from artefacts, is excellent. Otherwise, there isn't much here to recommend.
Sunday, 2 September 2012
Angel Face (Otto Preminger, 1952)
Understated, assured direction and two wonderful performances turn a beautifully simple premise into a devastating, albeit not humorless journey into the darkest depths of a manipulating and, ultimately, murderess mind. Jean Simmons is mesmerising, her eyes sparkling with faux-innocence, we cannot look away. Beautiful, dangerous, unstable, she plays the quintessential femme fatal Diane Tremayne, who ensnares the simple but not altogether moral Frank Jessop (Robert Mitchum). Mitchum is great value, his broad frame practically filling the screen as he sucks down cigarettes with weary, browbeaten nonchalance. Drinking tea with Tremayne, the cup appears comically minute in his great ham fists. Preminger teases his audience with a slowly unraveling tale of misdeed, and by the time the final, heartbreaking (and wildly brave) climax is upon us, we are trembling with astonishment and sadness at how a fairly innocuous flirtation has evolved into such grand tragedy.
Friday, 17 August 2012
The mysterious allure of Bangkok Dangerous
"With murky
cinematography, a meandering pace, a dull storyline, and rather wooden
performances, The Pang Brothers' Bangkok Dangerous is unsuccessful” says Rotten
Tomatoes, giving it a measly 9%. By most accounts this remake of the
filmmaking duo’s own 1999 action thriller was a failure, receiving poor reviews
and even poorer box office takings. Seeing it with no expectations last year
(2008), I thoroughly enjoyed it. I was, however, in a severe minority even among
the group of friends whom had been with me in the cinema, and I found myself
the object of playful ridicule following the showing. In this piece I want to
attempt to delve into my enjoyment and find out why I liked it while no one
else (that I know of) did. Do I have some bizarre fascination in cinematic
failure, or was Bangkok (as I will refer
to it from now on) in some way genuinely laudable? I am writing this the day
after having re-watched the film on DVD.
On revisiting the film, having had many discussions with
friends, I was much more aware of Bangkok’s
flaws, which, I have to admit, are many. The dialogue is frequently silly to
the point of hilarity, with lines like “Somehow when I looked into his eyes, I
saw myself. So I became his teacher” and “The face has a million ways of
tricking you, but the eyes never lie” peppered throughout the screenplay. Nicolas Cage looks awful, with weird stringy hair and a
consistently morose expression (except when with his beloved deaf and dumb
pharmacist). The combination of his demeanour, appearance and gravely, bored
voice is very, very funny, particularly when saying things such as “uh, banker,
yes” while sitting awkwardly in his love interest’s house. When he smiles at
her mother, his face seems like it might crack with effort. Overwrought,
ridiculous, sentimental – all appropriate adjectives when discussing the film’s
scenes which deal with Joe and Fon’s relationship. A pounding, serious
soundtrack adds to the unintentional humour.
So far, then, my pleasure in watching Bangkok has been derived from the films’ artistic failures.
But so what? I maintain that this isn’t a “so-good-it’s-bad” film in the mould
of Plan 9 from Outer
Space (though I could happily write an article in the defence of
that and Ed Wood’s other misunderstood work). This is something a particular
friend of mine has a problem with when we discuss it. I genuinely like the way
the film is shot, the atmosphere created, the action, the mise en scène. My unnamed friend cannot
accept my stance – that a film such as Bangkok is capable of having both
elements of unintentional humour created by poor creative choice or misguided
filmmaking sensibilities and other
aspects that work in the conventional sense.
I will admit to having an intense love of cheap genre
cinema. I maintain that many of these "trashy" films have an independent spirit and charm never found in more mainstream
cinema, and that their flaws often shift into beautiful idiosyncrasies to be
cherished and admired. I can’t categorize Bangkok in this way (the film cost $40m to make), I’m merely
using my admiration for “cult” cinema as one possible explanation for my
enjoyment of the film – I saw it as true exploitation, not the preening,
self-aware graininess of the recent Grindhouse but an example of genuine, naïve genre cinema in the noughties. I found an honesty in Bangkok that attracts me to some of the cheapo films I like so much. There is little or no use of CGI, the film is self-contained, there are
few characters, some inexplicabilities which I can engage with and enjoy.
Perhaps this is a perverse kind of cinephilia, but I’m always filled with joy when I
see bargain-basement bins, brimming with untapped craziness.
My admiration for Bangkok seems, therefore, to come from a combination of the
two sets of reasoning I mentioned in my opening paragraph – firstly my fascination
in flawed cinema, my admiration for enthusiastic and well-intentioned cinema,
and also my enjoyment of the film as a whole, both in its humour derived in
numerous flaws and its simmering, grim, atmosphere. Monte Hellman once said
that when he sees a movie he comes out having had an experience unique to him –
if someone asks him what the film was about, he may not be able to tell them,
but he had a hell of a time watching it. Perhaps I went somewhere my friends
didn’t while watching Bangkok.
Monday, 13 August 2012
Some capsule-style film reviews
Darling (1965)
Rating: 3/5
The hypocrisy of the privileged,
sexuality, religion, fidelity and abortion are just some of the issues addressed in this overambitious drama from John Schlesinger. Overambitious
maybe, but entertaining nonetheless. The story of Diana Scott (Julie Christie),
a bored, selfish clinger-on, willing to be dependant but not pinned down, and
her various lovers, the film flits between serious issues and flamboyant
artiness. This mix is sometimes uncomfortable, and often misses the mark, but
it travels at such a pace we don’t really mind – like Scott herself, the film
never stays in one place for very long. Bogarde seems bored and unengaged, but in
context this works well, and he is still a riveting presence. Christie is at
times unbearably whiny, and the voiceover grates (some of the ‘clever’ devices
now seem laboured). In all, a mixed bag, with experiments galore, both visual
(with extensive use of documentary-style shots) and structural (hopping around
from location to location). Just sit back and enjoy the ride – there’ll be
something in here for you.
Three Days of the Condor (1975)
Rating: 4/5
Robert Redford is subdued
throughout this twisting, snappy thriller, but Joseph “The Condor” Turner’s
low-key demeanor
doesn’t detract from the suspense, it adds to it. The story of an unassuming
bookworm caught up in a CIA-sponsored assassination plot, Three Days of the
Condor manages to be both playful and illuminating, a fun rollercoaster ride
but one that hints at the darker side of America’s foreign policy in the 1970s.
Today it retains relevancy, and even gains deeper meaning in light of current
controversial military presence in the Middle East, something that Higgins
emphatically denies is being planned. Slowish pace, but exciting intrigue and
strong performances (Sydow is riveting) add up to a satisfying experience.
Bizarre choices of music sometimes clash with the action, but if you enjoyed Klute,
Marathon Man or The Conversation, you’ll forgive it and soak up the 70s style.
In the Loop (2009)
Rating: 4/5
Rarely-heard raucous gales of
laughter surround me: this is something special. Seething, smart satire is
rattled off by an outstanding cast in this political comedy from TV legend
Armando Iannucci. Linton Barwick editing minutes to suit his bloodthirsty
agenda is painfully funny, because its real.
In the Loop impressively treads
the fine line between comic genius and dark satire. Hellish depths of hypocrisy
and corruption are alluded to, but not at the expense of the film’s humour.
Watch Gandolfini heave the burden of war-lunacy on his broad shoulders with
dignity, and marvel as Simon Foster’s personal tragic arc is crammed in –
seduced by power, struggling with morality, it rings true as a bell. Shot with
energy to match its buzzing performers, and sparkling with honesty, this is
refreshing stuff in a world where the media tows the line, and accountability
is a vague memory. Essential.
Hidden (Caché) (2005)
Rating: 5/5
Gripping from the first frame, Haneke eases us into his uncomfortable
world with lingering shots that force us to ponder everything we see. We are
given a question, a half-answer, and then time to think. Our brains work
overtime to puzzle out the unfathomable, to powerful effect. Binoche is a
strong anchor to Auteuil’s superb, riveting performance as the depressed and
guilt-ridden bourgeois TV-man. As he strides the streets of Paris, grappling
with demons from the past, seeking out an unknowable entity, we cannot look
away. Unsurprisingly, Haneke’s confessed aim as a filmmaker is to force an
audience to examine their own reaction to cinema, Hidden certainly does this. My intense
desire for that tantalizing last piece of the mystery to be resolved cannot
spoil the hypnotic quality of this film. Both infuriating in its incompleteness
and masterful in its slow-burn, gloomy density, this is one to seek out.
300 (2006)
Rating: 2/5
David Wenham’s smug, unpleasantly nihilistic narration was just one
of many problems I had with Zack Snyder’s silly comic-book adaptation. Too
faithful to the source material, what worked on paper certainly doesn’t zing on
screen: with an uncomfortable mix of inaccurate historical epic and half-baked
monster stuff, 300 comes across like a clumsy oaf of a film, blundering and
blustering, and ultimately drowning in its own quest for cool. Ideological
qualms aside, the action left me cold. Plenty of spurting computer-generated
blood (in tedious, overused slow-then-fast-mo), but even as Gerard Butler
screams, no real pain is felt – these warriors are shining plastic action
models, not people. A few brief thrills as metal crashes into tearing flesh are
not enough to save it from indifference. At an unnecessary 117 minutes, this is
a brilliant reminder of how even the glossiest of pictures is null and void
without a soul.
The Devil Wears Prada (2006)
Rating: 3/5
As a stony-faced Meryl Streep
strides through immaculate glass doors at the start of this fluffy fashion flick,
we know just what’s coming, and if this is your thing, The Devil Wears Prada
does not disappoint. Nothing revelatory,
but a fun, escapist look at a world in which a grim tyrant can ultimately be
melted by the naïve charms of Anne Hathaway’s sweet wannabe-journalist. Perhaps
Emily Blunt’s English bitch wears a little thin, and the moral message is
over-simplified and clumsy, but these are minor problems in a shamelessly
sugary story. The fashion-concious will lap up the dazzling (or bewildering)
array of colourful fabrics and handbags and whatnot, but there is enough charm
here to entertain everyone else too. While other dressing-up movies (say Confessions
of a Shopaholic) fail because there is
nothing under the glossy surface, this has just enough heart to sweeten the
bitter taste of materialistic overload.
Irréversible (2002)
Rating: 5/5
Gaspar Noé doesn’t want to shock,
he wants to scorch: by the end of this excessive, nausea-inducing mindfuck, we
have experienced a nightmare of the worse kind. In reverse. As the sickening,
wheeling camera settles down for a five-minute rape scene, we are uncomfortable
in our own skin, squirming in the darkness and wondering how long this can
possibly go on. The point seems to be push the viewer until breaking point,
subjecting us to a variety of unpleasantness including a gruesome beating that
creeps into the shaking frame like snuff. As the opening credits start to tip,
one is at a precipice, and as the grimy red light and the pounding bass whines
into gear, we are falling, hooked, unable to look away until the final, insane,
visual onslaught, leaving us exhausted, exhilarated, and dirty. Challenging and
thought-provoking cinema: you can’t enjoy this, but you might love it.
Standard Operating Procedure (2008)
Rating: 3/5
Errol Morris’ examination of the
notorious Abu Ghraib torture is unpleasant viewing, with the ghoulish
photographs given much lingering screen-time. This is important subject matter,
but perhaps Taxi to the Dark Side was
more intelligent, and ultimately more successful in its quest for truth. Here
the impact is dampened by being too grisly – like the zoned-out interviewees,
we feel numb by the half-way mark. Not until the end do we get a sense of how
these young men and women seem to be pathetic scapegoats for an unaccountable
military system whose very policies involve creating chaos and confusion. Heavy
use of reconstruction, and mixing actors with real interrogators doesn’t sit
well but the interviews are powerful – desensitized souls, their faces stretched
like masks, straining to understand their own terrible actions, we get a
profound understanding of how easily soldiers can become psychological victims
of a senseless war.
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